There will be one of some sorts. Every player is just a basic player, when they get to a certain point in the progression tree with their character, they become veterans. If you create a squad and invite players, you are the squad leader. If you have 10 squads you are a strikeforce commander. If you are voted enough, you become a member of the war council.
About the Veterans. You can make a loudout that goes over the current loadout point limit, but you have to pay Req points for that. Its a somewhat Elite/Hero options. I think it will not have a CD but high Req cost
Since this game will mainly be about guilds i dare say there will be loads of options for guilds including ranking. However remember that space marine ranks are limited and i would be interested to see how ranking would work for the other races.
Actually SM ranks are a bit more complicated than you'd think. There's Novices, Full Battle-Brothers, Sergeants, Veterans, Veteran Sergeants, Captains, Lieutenant-Commanders, Chapter Masters. And that doesn't cover the Chapter/Legion specific ranks. Plus if you add in the Pre-Heresy ranks like Praetor, it gets even more complex.
It's not like there's going to be no organization whatsoever. You will be able to create a squad, and as squad leader you will be able to herd your members to places, tell them what to do, etc. Imagine the same thing for Guilds but on a larger scale, with multiple squads working together at the behest of their strike force commanders, and the commanders following the orders of the war council.